Surveillance Programs

Datasets from the following AMR surveillance programs are available to request via the Vivli AMR Register.

Pharmaceutical industry AMR surveillance programs are conducted to fulfill regulatory requirements for antimicrobials in development and also as post approval commitments to monitor susceptibility and resistance for marketed antimicrobials.

Programs are usually global in scope and conducted via experienced vendors within three years of expected filing and continued post approval to monitor changes in resistance patterns and trends at a global, regional and local level and to provide healthcare practitioners with susceptibility data to support the appropriate use of antimicrobials.

GSK – SOAR 201818

GSK – SOAR 201910

Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics - Surveillance of global clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex

Surveillance of global clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex collected from 2016-2021
Active: 2016-2021

Countries: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Croatia, Chile, Colombia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Italy, Israel, Japan, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, South Korea, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam

Primary Objective
Measure the in vitro activity of sulbactam-durlobactam and 9 comparator agents against global clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex collected from 2016 to 2021

Protocol Summary	All isolates were cultured from patients receiving care in hospital and were limited to one isolate per infected patient. The genus and species of all isolates were confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). 5,032 ABC isolates were collected by clinical laboratories in 264 medical centers in 33 countries across five global regions (Europe, 42.2% of all isolates tested; North America [United States], 29.9%; Asia/South Pacific, 13.6%; Latin America, 12.6%; Middle East [Israel], 1.7%) from 2016 to 2021. Broth microdilution was used to determine in vitro susceptibility to sulbactam-durlobactam, sulbactam, amikacin, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, colistin, imipenem, meropenem, minocycline, and tigecycline. The percentages of all isolates tested by year were 16.8% from 2016, 16.4% from 2017, 18.4% from 2018, 17.1% from 2019, 15.8% from 2020, and 15.5% from 2021. Isolates tested were limited to one isolate per patient and were primarily from five common infection sources: lower respiratory (54.3% of all isolates tested), bloodstream (20.2%), urinary tract (16.5%), skin and soft tissue (4.5%), and intraabdominal (4.3%). To be consistent with clinical experience, 80.2% of the isolates in the survey were A. baumannii, followed by 12.7% A. pittii, 5.9% A. nosocomialis, and 1.1% A. calcoaceticus.
Isolate collection method	Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex isolates were collected by clinical laboratories in 264 medical centers in 33 countries between 2016-2021 and stored as frozen stocks.
Type of surveillance	All isolates were cultured from patients receiving care in hospital and were limited to one isolate per infected patient. Isolate collection employed annual specimen source (bloodstream, intra-abdominal, lower respiratory, skin and soft tissue, and urinary tract), and geographic (country or region) quotas. Therefore, this study was not designed to evaluate the prevalence of individual species of Acinetobacter (or to estimate antimicrobial resistance) in the countries or regions from which participating laboratories supplied isolates to the study.
Methodology and Breakpoints:	The CLSI standard broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing method was used to determine MICs for 10 antibacterial agents. All testing was performed using cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth using custom broth microdilution panels. Quality control testing was performed each day of testing as specified by the CLSI using Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and A. baumannii NCTC 13304. All data were within CLSI approved ranges. (References: CLSI. 2018. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. Approved Standard M07-A11, 11th ed. CLSI, Wayne, PA. and CLSI 2021. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. M100, 31st ed. CLSI, Wayne, PA.)
Contains pediatric data?	Yes
Contains genotype data?	No
Number of isolates	5,032: 5,032 Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex isolates: • 4,038 A. baumannii • 638 A. pittii • 296 A. nosocomialis • 55 A. calcoaceticus • 4 isolates of non-identified Acinetobacter species • 1 A. dijkshoorniae
Date last updated	31-Dec-2021
Expected frequency of updates to the dataset	TBD
Dataset format	Excel
Supporting documents to be provided	See Karlowsky et al. reference below.
Additional information	N/A
Publications	Publications related to the dataset: Karlowsky JA, Hackel MA, McLeod SM, Miller AA. 2022. In Vitro Activity of Sulbactam-Durlobactam against Global Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus Complex Collected from 2016 to 2021. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 66:e00781-22. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.00781-22 And Moussa SH, Shapiro AB, McLeod SM, Iyer R, Carter NM, Tsai Y, Siu LK, Miller AA. 2023. Molecular drivers of resistance to sulbactam-durlobactam in contemporary clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 67:e00665-23. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.00665-23 And McLeod SM, Moussa SH, Hackel MA, Miller AA.2020. In Vitro Activity of Sulbactam-Durlobactam against Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus Complex Isolates Collected Globally in 2016 and 2017. Antimicrob Agents Chemother64:10.1128/aac.02534-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.02534-19

Johnson & Johnson – Bedaquiline Drug Resistance Assessment in MDR-TB (DREAM)

Merck – SMART Surveillance

Paratek – KEYSTONE

KEYSTONE Program
Conducted by Paratek
Active: 2014-2023

Countries: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, USA

Primary Objective
The Keystone Surveillance Program was designed to monitor omadacycline susceptibility over time while fulfilling post-marketing regulatory requirements. Providing access to current antimicrobial susceptibility data including omadacycline, will play an essential role in monitoring the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance globally.

Dataset Title	Omadacycline Activity Against Clinical Isolates Collected from the United States and Europe during 2014-2023
Protocol Summary	Omadacycline is a broad-spectrum tetracycline-class antibacterial agent specifically designed to overcome tetracycline resistance mechanisms such as efflux pumps and ribosomal protection. Omadacycline received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for oral and intravenous formulations for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) in October 2018. Omadacycline is active against difficult-to-treat pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), penicillin- and macrolide-resistant pneumococci, and Enterobacterales isolates that produce an array of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). The KEYSTONE Surveillance Program evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of omadacycline and comparator agents against over 83,000 Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates collected during 2014-2023 from United States and Europe.
Isolates collection method	Bacterial isolates are consecutively collected from sites in United States and Europe (1 isolate per patient infection episode) according to the infection type and sent to JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, Iowa, USA for susceptibility testing by reference broth microdilution methods per CLSI guidelines against most antimicrobial agents currently utilized to treat Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections.
Types of surveillance	Routine clinical practice then used for surveillance
Dataset Format	Excel
Number of Isolates	90,208
Contains pediatric data?	Yes
Contains genotype data?	No
Date Last Updated	13-June-2024
Expected frequency of updates to the dataset	Annually
List of publications to be linked	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34775129/ https://www.jmilabs.com/data/posters/19-PAR-12_P2_FinaltoJMI_0925.pdf https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32071045/ https://www.jmilabs.com/data/posters/IDWeek2019_Omadacycline_Final.pdf https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30825698/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29378719/
Supporting documents to be provided	https://paratek-keystone.com/

Pfizer – ATLAS

ATLAS (Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance) Program
Conducted by Pfizer
Active: 2004 Onwards

Countries: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, Vietnam

Primary objective
The ATLAS programme monitors changes in antibiotic susceptibility, bacterial resistance trends and emergence of new resistance mechanism for both marketed and in development antibiotics. In addition, provides genotypic information when tested. The SENTRY platform data allow for monitoring of antifungal susceptibility and resistance trending of key antifungals.

Protocol Summary	The ATLAS program is one overall study (formerly TEST, INFORM and AWARE) fulfilling regulatory requirements and supporting appropriate use measures for both marketed antibiotics (Tygacil, Zyvox, Zosyn/Tazocin, Zavicefta, Zinforo, Merrem and others) by monitoring changes in antibiotic susceptibility, bacterial resistance trends and emergence of new resistance mechanisms. CLSI breakpoints are utilized but the option exists to analyse the data by using EUCAST breakpoints. All bacterial isolate identifications and susceptibility profiles are performed by standardized broth microdilution methods by a central lab. The antifungal data from the SENTRY platform are generated by standardized antifungal susceptibility methods performed at a central laboratory.
Isolates collection method:	Actively collected from local labs and sent to central laboratory for identification and susceptibility testing.
Types of surveillance:	Isolates are collected specifically for surveillance.
Methodology and breakpoints:	CLSI breakpoints are utilized but the option exists to analyse the data by using EUCAST breakpoints.
Number of Isolates	917,049 antibiotic isolates, 21,631 antifungal isolates
Contains pediatric data?	Yes
Contains genotype data?	Yes (the ATLAS antibiotics dataset indicates presence/absence for a limited number of b-lactamase genes)
Date Last Updated	June 2024
Expected frequency of updates to the dataset	Annually
List of publications to be linked	Can be found at www.atlas-surveillance.com on the resources tab. Published poster with some details on the protocol: www.ihma.com/app/uploads/Pfizer_P107_ATLAS-Overview_IDWeek-2020_FINAL.pdf
Any additional information	The ATLAS database is updated every 9 to 12 months with emerging data from across 83 countries. Data for compounds in development are not made available via the public website but are available via publications and medical requests for information. Year in and year out integrated, with search by individual year possible as well. Database system built by Micron Research, UK.

Shionogi – SIDERO-WT

SIDERO-WT Program
Conducted by Shionogi
Active: 2014-2019

Countries Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, UK, USA

Primary objective
Annual evaluation of cefiderocol activities against US/EU Gram-negative isolates. To evaluate the antibacterial activity of cefiderocol and comparators against a wide variety of Gram-negative bacteria including carbapenem-resistant isolates.

Protocol Summary	SIDERO-WT, antibiotic susceptibility surveillance data for each isolate from North America and Europe in 2014 to 2019. In five consecutive annual SIDERO-WT surveillance studies (2014 to 2019), the susceptibility of cefiderocol and comparators against Gram-negative clinical isolates from North America and Europe was evaluated by broth microdilution. MICs of cefiderocol have been determined by broth microdilution assay using iron-depleted cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth, which has been approved by CLSI and EUCAST. MICs of other comparators have been determined by broth microdilution assay using cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth, which has been approved by CLSI and EUCAST. The breakpoints of comparators were based on published information by CLSI and EUCAST. 47615 isolates (including 31,896 isolates of Enterobacterales, 7,700 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5,225 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii complex, 2,030 isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and 425 isolates of Burkholderia cepacia complex).
Isolates collection method	Predefined quotas of isolates of specific Gram-negative bacilli cultured from patients with intra-abdominal, urinary tract, lower respiratory tract, skin and soft tissue, or bloodstream infections were collected from clinical laboratories in North America and Europe from November 2014 to December 2019. For methods: http://aac.asm.org/content/61/9/e00093-17.full.pdf+html?sid=d0d5821d-867f-48f9-8037-4e6cc05ab717. For QC ranges: http://www.dmidjournal.com/article/S0732-8893(17)30105-0/abstract
Types of surveillance	Routine clinical practice then used for surveillance.
Number of Isolates	47615
Contains pediatric data?	No
Contains genotype data?	No
Date Last Updated	31-Dec-2019
Expected frequency of updates to the dataset	SIDERO-WT completed in 2019, other surveillance studies (SENTRY by JMI) started from 2020, which is available on JMI SENTRY website https://mvp.jmilabs.com/
Dataset Format	Excel
List of publications to be linked	https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01990-21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.11.007 https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00093-17
Any additional information	MIC concentration abbreviations: 0.0019=≤0.002, 0.0299 = ≤0.03, 0.0599= ≤0.06, 0.1199= ≤0.12,0.2499= ≤0.25, 1.999= ≤2, 4.0001= >4, 8.0001= >8, 16.0001= >16, 32.0001= >32, 64.0001=>64, 256.0001=>256 Annual data is published as separate studies. New surveillance data is not integrated with the previous surveillance data.

Venatorx – GEARS

GEARS (Global Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance via Surveillance)
Conducted by Venatorx
Active: 2018-2022

Countries: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea (Republic of), Kuwait, Latvia, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Panama, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Province of China, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam

Primary Objective
To determine AMR rates in key gram-negative pathogens from global sites

Protocol Summary	Study organisms were clinical isolates previously collected and frozen at -70°C. Isolates were from documented infections (clinically relevant causative agent), with only one isolate per species per patient allowed. Isolates were from community- and hospital-associated infection sources, distributed globally with a focus on the United States and Europe. Patient locations included: General Medicine; Medical ICU; Surgery General; Surgery ICU; Emergency Room; Pediatric ICU; General ICU; and Pediatric General. Isolates were sourced from: respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, intraabdominal infections, and skin/soft tissue infections. Organisms included Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. The identities of all isolates were confirmed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Broth microdilution MICs were determined using the ISO 20776-1:2019/CLSI M07 11th Ed. reference method. Quality control (QC) testing was performed each day of testing (CLSI M100). Inclusions: human infection (clinically relevant causative agent), one isolate per infection episode; Exclusions: screening/carriage isolates, multiple isolates per infection episode.
Isolates collection method	Clinically relevant causative agent only; one isolate per infection episode.
Types of surveillance	Prevalence-based
Dataset Format	Excel
Number of Isolates	29,365
Contains pediatric data?	Yes
Contains genotype data?	No
Date Last Updated	Jun-2024
Expected frequency of updates to the dataset	Annually
Publications	Link to (surveillance) posters on Venatorx corporate website provided here: www.venatorx.com Publications: doi.org/10.1128/aac.01281-22

Venus Remedies – PLEA (Study 1)

Preserving Life of Existing Antibiotics (PLEA) Study – I (2011 to 2016)
Conducted by Venus Remedies
Active: 2011-2016

Countries: India

Primary Objective
To examine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and resistance mechanisms of clinical isolates gathered from various periods and locations across India. This study focused on key gram-negative pathogens and their resistance patterns to inform and guide treatment strategies.

Protocol Summary	The PLEA Surveillance Study I conducted from 2011 to 2016 collected 3,150 non-duplicate bacterial isolates from 22 medical centers across India. The study focused on four key gram-negative pathogens: Escherichia coli (716 isolates), Klebsiella pneumoniae (435 isolates), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (924 isolates), and Acinetobacter baumannii (1,075 isolates). To assess antimicrobial resistance, the study utilized CLSI-defined phenotypic methods for detecting ESBLs and MBLs. Genotypic characterization involved single PCR with a panel of primers to identify various beta-lactamase enzymes, including ESBLs (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M), MBLs (blaVIM, blaNDM, blaIMP), carbapenemases (blaOXA, blaKPC), and Class C cephalosporinases (blaAmpC). MICs for multiple antibiotics, such as Meropenem, Imipenem-Cilastatin, and Colistin, was determined using the CLSI broth dilution method.
Isolate collection method	Systematically gathered from various hospital laboratories and forwarded to a central microbiology lab for identification and susceptibility testing.
Type of surveillance	Isolates were collected specifically for surveillance.
Methodology and Breakpoints:	Broth microdilution according to CLSI guidelines.
Contains pediatric data?	NA
Contains genotype data?	Yes
Number of isolates	3150
Date last updated	22-12-2016
Expected frequency of updates to the dataset	Study completed
Dataset format	Excel
Supporting documents to be provided	Protocol
Additional information	No
Publications	Girotra, Ruchi et al. “1373. Activity of Ceftriaxone–Sulbactam–EDTA Against Multi-Drug-resistant A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae Isolates (WHO Critical Priority Pathogens) Collected from Various Hospitals in India.” Open Forum Infectious Diseases vol. 5,Suppl 1 S421. 26 Nov. 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1204

Venus Remedies – PLEA (Study 2)

Venus Remedies – GASAR

Isolates collection method:	Local labs identify microorganisms based on their routinely used methodology. Then isolates are identified at third party's central laboratory to re-identify microorganisms and perform antibiotic susceptibility testing.
Types of surveillance:	Primarily for routine clinical practice, then used for surveillance.
Methodology and breakpoints:	Broth microdilution according to CLSI guidelines.
Date Last Updated	31-Dec-2016
Contains pediatric data?	Yes
Contains genotype data?	No
List of publications to be linked	Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) results 2: respiratory pathogen susceptibility: doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky080 Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2014–16 in Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Croatia: doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky066 Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2014–16 in Russia: doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky065 Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2014–16 in the Czech Republic: doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky067 Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2014–16 in Ukraine and the Slovak Republic: doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky069 Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2014–16 in Greece: doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky068

Isolates collection method:	2015-2018 surveillance study frozen stock culture collection. Isolates of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae from CA-RTIs (patients with respiratory tract infections in the community, not hospitalized for more than 48h). MICs were determined by CLSI broth microdilution and susceptibility was assessed using CLSI, EUCAST (dose-specific) and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints. Includes antibiotics: CDN-Ceftidoren, CEC-Cefaclor, CXM-Cefuroxime, DIN-Cefdinir, FIX-Cefixime
Types of surveillance:	Routine clinical practice then used for surveillance.
Methodology and breakpoints:	Broth microdilution according to CLSI guidelines. Reference- CLSI 32 Edition M100 -2022
Date Last Updated	31-Dec-2018
Contains pediatric data?	Yes
Contains genotype data?	No
Number of isolates	2318
Publications	https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa081 https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa082 https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa083 https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa084 https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa085 https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa086 https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa087

Protocol Summary	DREAM program to determine the level of susceptibility of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis isolates to bedaquiline. Preliminary identification and rapid DST are performed at the local labs. Pure cultures are sent to the NTRL for additional phenotypic DST. Isolates must be or must have been collected from MDR-TB patients. In some cases, resistance to rifampicin is sufficient. Non-mycobacteria, non-tuberculosis mycobacteria and rifampicin susceptible MTB are excluded. Currently there are no FDA/CLSI breakpoints for BDQ. EUCAST had established a provisional susceptible breakpoint of ≤0.25 mg/L irrespective of the test medium. Given that the EUCAST breakpoint was based on limited data available at the time, we are defining new interpretive criteria based on ECV/ECOFF from the data generated. These in turn are used to interpret the surveillance results.
Isolates collection method:	A mix of prospective and retrospective isolates are collected locally and submitted to the National TB Reference Laboratory (NTRL).
Types of surveillance:	Isolates are collected primarily for routine clinical practice, then used for surveillance.
Number of Isolates	5,036
Contains pediatric data?	N/A
Contains genotype data?	No
Date Last Updated	31-July-2019 (last isolate collected)
Expected frequency of updates to the dataset	None
List of publications to be linked	J Clin Microbiol 60:e02919-20. doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02919-20
Supporting documents to be provided
Any additional information

Protocol Summary	Specimens are collected, as per hospital protocol, from patients suspected with having an infectious disease and sent to the microbiology lab for identification, and susceptibility testing, of the suspected pathogen. Each site enrolled in SMART collects 50 clinical gram-negative (GN) isolates from IAI, UTI and BSI; 100 GN isolates from RTI. Only the first isolate per patient is collected. The isolates are sent to the SMART surveillance program central lab (IHMA) for confirmation of identification and susceptibility testing. Participating labs indicate on form whether isolate was collected =<48h prior to admission to the hospital or >48h after admission. In addition age and hospital location is indicated. Subsequently, isolates that conform to a molecular algorithm are tested for mechanisms of resistance.
Number of Isolates	300,000+
Contains pediatric data?	Yes
Contains genotype data?	Yes
Date Last Updated	Thru Dec-2020
Expected frequency of updates to the dataset	Annually
Publications	Register and log in at globalsmartsite.com then navigate to Resources and Publications globalsmartsite.com/#/resources/publications

Protocol Summary	The PLEA Surveillance Study II (2018-2020) involved the collection of 232 non-duplicate gram-negative clinical isolates from 15 medical centers in India between 2018 and 2020. The study focused on E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter spp., and Pseudomonas spp. MBL detection was performed using CLSI-defined phenotypic methods, while susceptibility testing was conducted via the broth micro-dilution method following ISO 20776-1 standards. MICs was determined using the CLSI broth dilution method for polymyxin B.
Isolate collection method	Systematically gathered from various hospital laboratories and forwarded to a central microbiology lab for identification and susceptibility testing.
Type of surveillance	Isolates were collected specifically for surveillance.
Methodology and Breakpoints:	Broth microdilution according to CLSI guidelines.
Contains pediatric data?	NA
Contains genotype data?	NA
Number of isolates	232
Date last updated	15-02-2020
Expected frequency of updates to the dataset	Study completed
Dataset format	Excel
Supporting documents to be provided	Protocol
Additional information	No
Publications	https://elibrary.escmid.org/?search%5Bfrom%5D=0&search%5Bquery%5D=payasi&search%5Bdate%5D=#results

Protocol Summary	The GASAR Study (2022-ongoing) collected 494 non-duplicate bacterial isolates (first reporting period) from a tertiary-care hospital in India. The isolates included Escherichia coli (283), Klebsiella pneumoniae (144), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (39), and Acinetobacter baumannii (28). The study involved phenotypic characterization to identify ESBLs, MBLs, carbapenemases, and cephalosporinases, and used PCR for genotypic analysis of specific resistance genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaOXA, blaKPC, blaAmpC). Susceptibility was assessed using the broth microdilution method according to CLSI guidelines, and MIC determination was performed with the CLSI broth dilution method for polymyxin B.
Isolate collection method	Systematically gathered from various hospital laboratories and forwarded to a central microbiology lab at Venus Medicine Research Centre for identification and susceptibility testing.
Type of surveillance	Isolates were collected specifically for surveillance.
Methodology and Breakpoints:	Broth microdilution according to CLSI guidelines.
Contains pediatric data?	NA
Contains genotype data?	Yes
Number of isolates	494
Date last updated	04-07-2023
Expected frequency of updates to the dataset	Annually
Dataset format	Excel
Supporting documents to be provided	Protocol
Additional information	No
Publications	https://elibrary.escmid.org/?search%5Bfrom%5D=0&search%5Bquery%5D=payasi&search%5Bdate%5D=#results